Satiric Advice on Women and Marriage by Smith Warren S.;

Author:Smith, Warren S.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: University of Michigan Press

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Notes

1. Tanner 1979, 15.

2. Cf. Ach. Tat. 5.26-27; Longus 3.17 ff. Male chastity was very unusual and believed to be impossible in the Greek world; cf. Heliod. 10.9, with Morgan 1978, ad loc. This seduction of the male protagonist serves to stress that he is irresistible and equally godlike in beauty, and as is made explicit in the case of Daphnis, it gives him the necessary sexual education.

3. See fragments with translation in Stephens and Winkler 1995.

4. See Egger 1988 and 1994, 263 (with further literature), for a critical assessment.

5. For an analysis of Heliodorus's heroes with respect to their characterization through tragedy and comedy, see Paulsen 1992.

6. For a heroine as beautiful as a goddess, often as Artemis (goddess of chastity), see Heliod. 1.2.6, 1.7.2, 2.33.3, 5.31.1; Chariton 1.1.2; Xen. Ephes. 1.2.7; Longus 4.33.3-4. In the Roman novel, cf. Psyche in Apul. Met. 4.28 (Venus). Only the married Callirhoe has the binary nature of being mistaken for both Artemis and Aphrodite, but as the maiden Aphrodite before her marriage and as Aphrodite “proper” after she has given birth. Psyche is mistaken for Venus for reasons of plot, since she is to cause the goddess jealousy. It is made clear in the text, however, that Psyche is a maiden, too. On Psyche and Venus, see Schlam 1978, 98.

7. See Hilhorst 1998 on erotic features in this “novel.”

8. The dating of the Greek novels is a notorious problem; see Bowie and Harrison 1993, 160. For Chariton's date, see, e.g., Plepelits 1976, 4-9; Plepelits (29-30) also discusses the reference to a “Callirhoe” in Persius Sat. 1.134 as a possible reference to the novel. Ruiz-Montero (1991) pleads for a slightly later date of the late first or early second century A.D.

9. A good characterization of this exceptional heroine is that by Kaimio (1995, with further literature).

10. Achilles Tatius's Leucippe is a more problematic case. There is more sexuality, generally, in this particular novel, which in some ways ironically plays off the mentality of the ideal novel; see Goldhill 1994, 66-102. Leucippe, its heroine, is only accidentally still a virgin throughout the novel, since her mother surprises her with her lover Cleitophon just before they consummate their love, and Leucippe in the later part of the story quite unaccountably decides that she only wants to resume this physical relationship when she is married to Cleitophon.

11. Tanner 1979, 4.

12. In the Potiphar motif, the hero refuses to sleep with his master's wife, and because of this she accuses him of trying to rape her (cf. Genesis 39).

13. An excellent recent discussion of the recurring Phaedra motif can be found in Zimmerman-de Graaf 2000, 41yff. (with further literature).

14. These include, among others, two tragedies by Euripides and one by Sophocles. See Barrett [1964] 1992, 253ff.

15. This is a common feature in the Second Sophistic. See Bowie 1977.

16. Examples are Callirhoe's father, Hermocrates of Syracuse, and the Persian king Artaxerxes in Chariton; Parthenope and Metiochus features the daughter of Polykrates of Samos.

17. Byrrhena, Lucius's “aunt,”

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